Compared with Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C is a relatively rare infectious disease in Hong Kong. About 1 in 200 of the local population is a Hepatitis C carrier. Almost all become infected without knowing it and the body cannot completely get rid of the virus after infection. Infection is mainly through blood, eg, usage of tainted and improper sterilised instruments in acupuncture, injections and tattoo. Transmission can also result from unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected individual.

The majority of Hepatitis C carriers remain healthy for many years with no sign or symptom of the illness. Some carriers show abnormal findings in their liver function testing from time to time. However, like Hepatitis B carriers, they are also more prone to developing serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis and cancer of the liver.

Blood tested positive for Hepatitis C is discarded. The donor is informed of the test result and appropriate medical counselling provided.